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<title>Bone sarcoma</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bone sarcoma</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Bone sarcoma</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Oncology" title="Oncology">Oncology</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">

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<p>A <b>bone sarcoma</b> is a <a href="Primary_tumor" title="Primary tumor">primary</a> <a href="Malignant" class="mw-redirect" title="Malignant">malignant</a> <a href="Bone_tumour" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone tumour">bone tumour</a>, a type of <a href="Sarcoma" title="Sarcoma">sarcoma</a> that starts in the <a href="Bone" title="Bone">bones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferri_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferri-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is in contrast to most <a href="Bone_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone cancer">bone cancers</a> that are secondary having developed as a <a href="Metastasis" title="Metastasis">metastasis</a> from another cancer. Bone sarcomas are rare, and mostly affect the <a href="Leg" title="Leg">legs</a>. The other type of sarcoma is a <a href="Soft-tissue_sarcoma" title="Soft-tissue sarcoma">soft-tissue sarcoma</a>.

</p><p>There are three main types of bone sarcoma based on <a href="Histology" title="Histology">tissue type</a> – an <a href="Osteosarcoma" title="Osteosarcoma">osteosarcoma</a>, a <a href="Ewing's_sarcoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ewing's sarcoma">Ewing's sarcoma</a>, and a <a href="Chondrosarcoma" title="Chondrosarcoma">chondrosarcoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferri_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferri-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_types">Main types</h2></div>

<p>The three main types of bone sarcoma are an <a href="Osteosarcoma" title="Osteosarcoma">osteosarcoma</a>, most frequently found of the three; <a href="Ewing's_sarcoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ewing's sarcoma">Ewing's sarcoma</a>, and a <a href="Chondrosarcoma" title="Chondrosarcoma">chondrosarcoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferguson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferguson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many subtypes of these.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osteosarcoma">Osteosarcoma</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Osteosarcoma" title="Osteosarcoma">Osteosarcoma</a></div>

<p>An osteosarcoma is predominantly found in childhood and adolescence.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferri_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferri-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are primarily found in <a href="Long_bone" title="Long bone">long bones</a>, and may be secondary tumours.<sup id="cite_ref-CTR_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osteosarcomas are composed of <a href="Mesenchymal_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesenchymal cell">mesenchymal cells</a> that produce immature bone.<sup id="cite_ref-Biazzo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biazzo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tumour cells are unique in that they produce immature <a href="Osteoid" title="Osteoid">osteoid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CTR_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CTR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ewing's_sarcoma">Ewing's sarcoma</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Ewing's_sarcoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ewing's sarcoma">Ewing's sarcoma</a></div>

<p><a href="Ewing's_sarcoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ewing's sarcoma">Ewing's sarcoma</a> is the next most commonly found sarcoma in adolescents and young adults. Ewing's is highly aggressive, typically developing from the <a href="Medullary_cavity" title="Medullary cavity">medullary cavity</a> of a bone with cells invading the <a href="Haversian_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Haversian system">Haversian system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grünewald_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grünewald-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="Immunohistochemistry_test" title="Immunohistochemistry test">immunohistochemistry test</a> shows the tumour as having small rounded blue cells.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferri2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferri2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gaillard_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaillard-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cells express high levels of <a href="CD99" title="CD99">CD99</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grünewald_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grünewald-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chondrosarcoma">Chondrosarcoma</h3></div>

<p>A <a href="Chondrosarcoma" title="Chondrosarcoma">chondrosarcoma</a> is the type of bone cancer that starts in the <a href="Cartilage" title="Cartilage">cartilage</a> cells. It is the most common type found in adults. Unlike the other types it is rarely found in those under the age of twenty. Most chondrosarcomas develop in the <a href="Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a>, legs or arms. Benign counterparts are known as <a href="Enchondroma" title="Enchondroma">enchondromas</a>. Chondrosarcomas are classified by grade as a measurement of their growth rate – I, II, and III. The lower the grade the slower the rate of growth. Grade III are the most aggressive, and are liable to <a href="Metastasis" title="Metastasis">spread</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cancer.org_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cancer.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Subtypes of chondrosarcomas have different features and different <a href="Prognosis" title="Prognosis">outlooks</a>, they include:

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<dl><dt>Dedifferentiated</dt>

<dd>Dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas can change in part to cells that are like those of an osteosarcoma for example which has a faster rate of growth.</dd>

<dt>Clear cell</dt>

<dd>Clear cell chondrosarcomas are rare, slow-growing, and seldom spread.</dd>

<dt>Mesenchymal</dt>

<dd>Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas can grow quickly but unlike other types may respond to <a href="Radiotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiotherapy">radiotherapy</a>, and <a href="Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cancer.org_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cancer.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have densely packed small round blue cells like those in Ewing's sarcoma.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaillard2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaillard2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Type_II_collagen" title="Type II collagen">Type II collagen</a> can help distinguish it from other tumours.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15731776_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15731776-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFFerri2019" class="citation book cs1">Ferri, Fred (2019). <i>Ferri's clinical advisor 2019 : 5 books in 1</i>. Elsevier. p. 1219. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780323530422</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Ferguson-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ferguson_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFergusonTurner2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ferguson, JL; Turner, SP (15 August 2018). "Bone Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment Principles". <i>American Family Physician</i>. <b>98</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">205–</span>213. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30215968">30215968</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Biazzo-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Biazzo_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBiazzoDe_Paolis2016" class="citation journal cs1">Biazzo, A; De Paolis, M (December 2016). "Multidisciplinary approach to osteosarcoma". <i>Acta Orthopaedica Belgica</i>. <b>82</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">690–</span>698. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29182106">29182106</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Ferri2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ferri2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFerri2019" class="citation book cs1">Ferri, Fred (2019). <i>Ferri's clinical advisor 2019 : 5 books in 1</i>. Elsevier. p. 232. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780323530422</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Gaillard-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaillard_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGaillard" class="citation web cs1">Gaillard, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiopaedia.org/articles/ewing-sarcoma?lang=gb">"Ewing sarcoma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"</a>. <i>Radiopaedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-pmid15731776-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15731776_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMüllerSöderOliveiraInwards2005" class="citation journal cs1">Müller S, Söder S, Oliveira AM, Inwards CY, Aigner T (August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fmodpathol.3800391">"Type II collagen as specific marker for mesenchymal chondrosarcomas compared to other small cell sarcomas of the skeleton"</a>. <i>Mod. Pathol</i>. <b>18</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">1088–</span>94. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fmodpathol.3800391">10.1038/modpathol.3800391</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15731776">15731776</a>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Tumours_of_bone_and_cartilage109" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tumours of <a href="Bone_tumor" title="Bone tumor">bone</a> and <a href="Cartilage_tumor" title="Cartilage tumor">cartilage</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Diaphysis" title="Diaphysis">Diaphysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Multiple_myeloma" title="Multiple myeloma">Multiple myeloma</a></li>

<li><a href="Epithelium" title="Epithelium">Epithelia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Adamantinoma" title="Adamantinoma">Adamantinoma</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Primitive_neuroectodermal_tumor" title="Primitive neuroectodermal tumor">Primitive neuroectodermal tumor</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ewing_family_of_tumors" title="Ewing family of tumors">Ewing family</a></li>

<li><a href="Ewing_sarcoma" title="Ewing sarcoma">Ewing sarcoma</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Metaphysis" title="Metaphysis">Metaphysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Osteoblast" title="Osteoblast">Osteoblast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Osteoid_osteoma" title="Osteoid osteoma">Osteoid osteoma</a></li>

<li><a href="Osteoblastoma" title="Osteoblastoma">Osteoblastoma</a></li>

<li><a href="Osteoma" title="Osteoma">Osteoma</a>/<a href="Osteosarcoma" title="Osteosarcoma">osteosarcoma</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chondroblast" title="Chondroblast">Chondroblast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chondroma" title="Chondroma">Chondroma</a>/<a href="Ecchondroma" title="Ecchondroma">ecchondroma</a>/<a href="Enchondroma" title="Enchondroma">enchondroma</a>

<ul><li><a href="Enchondromatosis" title="Enchondromatosis">Enchondromatosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Extraskeletal_chondroma" title="Extraskeletal chondroma">Extraskeletal chondroma</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Chondrosarcoma" title="Chondrosarcoma">Chondrosarcoma</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mesenchymal_chondrosarcoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma">Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma</a></li>

<li><a href="Myxoid_chondrosarcoma" title="Myxoid chondrosarcoma">Myxoid chondrosarcoma</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Osteochondroma" title="Osteochondroma">Osteochondroma</a>

<ul><li><a href="Osteochondromatosis" title="Osteochondromatosis">Osteochondromatosis</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Chondromyxoid_fibroma" title="Chondromyxoid fibroma">Chondromyxoid fibroma</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Connective_tissue" title="Connective tissue">Fibrous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Osteofibrous_dysplasia" title="Osteofibrous dysplasia">Ossifying fibroma</a></li>

<li><a href="Fibrosarcoma" title="Fibrosarcoma">Fibrosarcoma</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Epiphysis" title="Epiphysis">Epiphysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chondroblast" title="Chondroblast">Chondroblast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chondroblastoma" title="Chondroblastoma">Chondroblastoma</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Myeloid_tissue" title="Myeloid tissue">Myeloid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Giant-cell_tumor_of_bone" title="Giant-cell tumor of bone">Giant-cell tumor of bone</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Notochord13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Notochord" title="Notochord">Notochord</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chordoma" title="Chordoma">Chordoma</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-09-15" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Bone_sarcoma&oldid=1245891143">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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